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mineral water vs drinking water



thallium in natural mineral water

* Updated opinion 003/2006 of BfR of 14 December 2004

Thallium is one of the heavy metals. It occurs everywhere in nature, transmitted in a life ¬, drinking water and in the air, but usually only in very small quantities. Increased levels of thallium can be measured at no more than others in the vicinity of cement works and Hüttenwer ¬.

thallium is very toxic. Recorded with the food, it is rapidly absorbed and distributed in the body. It acts as a cell toxin and inhibits various enzyme systems in the body. Already 1.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight thallium is enough to trigger symptoms of poisoning ¬. These can range from loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting of serious disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system to coma and death enough. Below 0.08 micrograms per kilogram of body weight no adverse health effects were observed, even in long-term supply.

Man takes thallium mainly through food. In particular ¬ vegetables can be detected particularly high levels. The average daily intake thallium is estimated to 2-5 micrograms per day. Having been detected in some natural mineral waters ¬ fibers thallium concentrations of up to 15 micrograms per liter, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, the presence of thallium in natural Mineral waters ¬ fibers evaluated toxicologically. The Institute comes to the following recommendation:
The total uptake of thallium from all sources should not exceed 10 micrograms per day. To ensure that, should mineral waters intended for human consumption, not more than 5 micrograms per liter containing thallium. This estimate is an estimated consumption of one liter of mineral water per day underlying ¬ de. In a short-term excess of that level is not expected to adverse health effects. Nevertheless, persons who live in more adverse impact Ge ¬ or come by following their occupation in contact with thallium, only drink mineral water, less than 2 micrograms per liter.

1 Purpose of the evaluation
In each mineral water sample detected by the official food control thallium concentrations of up to about 15 micrograms per liter (ug / L). With regular consumption regularly ¬ usual amounts of mineral contents can not be regarded as a health concern. The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment then the presence of thallium in natural mineral waters toxicologically evaluated ¬ Tet and grade-by, ready to be tolerated nor health.

2 result
Thallium and its compounds are very toxic. The exposure of the general population is mainly through food. In vegetables (eg kale), particularly high thallium levels are measured. The thallium exposure is estimated to between 2 mg and 5 mg per day per person. Toxicological assessments assume that the daily intake thallium long-term value of 10 micrograms per person per day should not exceed